August 20, 2004
From: ProMED-mail<promed@promedmail.org>
Source: Australasian Plant Pathology 2004, 33(2) [edited]

First record of potato cyst nematode _Globodera rostochiensis_ in Indonesia.
Siwi Indarti, Bambang RTP, Mulyadi, B Triman (Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Corresponding author:  <indarti@faperta.ugm.ac.id>.

The Potato cyst nematode, [PCN] _Globodera rostochiensis_, [Gr] was identified for the lst time in the potato-growing area of Malang, East Java, Indonesia in March 2003. It has spread from Europe to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia such as Pakistan, India, Philippines (Jatal and Bridge, 1990) and has now been reported from Malang, East Java, Indonesia.

Potatoes are produced in many areas of Indonesia, particularly at higher altitudes. In early 2002, farmers in Batu, Malang, East Java Province noticed poor growth and reduced yield. In early February 2003, personnel from Syngenta at Lembang, West Java notified the Directorate of Plant Protection that potato plants from Gumberbrantas, Batu, Malang were infested with golden nematode. The report was substantiated following a visit by the nematology group from the University of Gadjah.

Identification of the nematode species as Gr was determined by cyst morphology, especially perineal pattern, stylet type and other morphological characteristics of juvenile nematodes removed from eggs. Confirmation of the identification was by Jackie Nobbs, SARDI, South Australia. Gr specimens have been deposited in the nematology collections at the Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty of Gadjah Mada University, and the Waite Institute, Adelaide, South Australia.

[The origin of the PCN infestation in Malang is probably unknown, but a good guess would be that plants containing soil infested with the nematode were brought into the Malang area. The golden nematode is widely distributed in Europe, Africa and Asia and occurs in many countries of South America. In North America, it occurs in parts of Mexico, on Long Island in New York State and in Canada only in Newfoundland and the central Saanich Peninsula of British Columbia, where it was found in 1965. Gr can survive in soil for 20 years in the absence of any potato crop. In Scotland, 1 ton/acre is lost for every 20 eggs/g soil.

Disease management involves use of chemical nematicides, resistant cultivars, crop rotation, cultural control, soil solarization and biological antagonists. The latter group includes nematode-trapping fungi and rickettsia-like microorganisms.

Useful references:
<http://www.cipotato.org/potato/Pests_Disease/IPM/Pests/nema.htm>
<http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/ispm/nematode/>
<http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/sci/surv/data/glorose.shtml>
<http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/nemaplex/Taxadata/G053S2.HTM#Management:>
- Mod.DH]