December 13, 2004
Research by
CSIRO Livestock Industries is
moving closer to identifying plants which can be more
successfully grown as feed for livestock in salt-affected areas.
A recent
project at Tammin in the Western Australian central wheatbelt
has found there are many more factors than first thought
influencing how sheep consume saltbush - a widespread,
salt-tolerant native plant.
About 10 per
cent, or 1.8 million hectares, of farm land is affected by
dryland salinity in WA's agricultural area and a further six
million hectares is at risk.
Project
leader, research scientist Dr Hayley Norman, says that, as a
result, the quest to identify suitable plant species to allow
for the ecologically sustainable and productive use of salinised
land is imperative.
Some of the
research results have already challenged several existing
theories about sheep grazing responses.
While it is
commonly accepted that sheep will selectively graze plants with
higher nutritional value and lower natural toxins, this is not
necessarily the case at Tammin.
The young
Merino sheep in the four-week trial preferred the River species
of saltbush to Old Man saltbush, confirming anecdotal
information from farmers.
To the
researchers' surprise, the scientific theories for the sheep's
selected consumption did not clearly illustrate the differences
between their preferences.
Dr Norman
says the experiment results indicate there are other, more
complex variables influencing how sheep graze saltbush.
"Sheep
preferred the River saltbush plants - although they were less
digestible and had less crude protein than the Old Man
saltbushes - where we would have expected the opposite," she
says.
"Differences
in preference were not clearly associated with oxalates,
tannins, sulphur or sodium, all factors that could reduce the
palatability of plants."
However, at
another research site in the eastern wheatbelt near Yealering,
researchers have observed clear differences in palatability
within saltbush species.
"Sheep will
carefully strip every last leaf from an individual plant, while
ignoring the neighbouring plant," Dr Norman says.
"We do not
know if these differences in preference are linked to factors
that drive animal productivity. It is a bit of a mystery that we
are continuing to explore."
Further
research is now planned for 2005 to examine differences in
productivity from sheep grazing the two saltbush species. |