January 7, 2004
The secret of flowering in our major food crops like wheat has
been revealed with the discovery by
CSIRO Plant Industry of a
gene that triggers flowering in cereals.
"Important cereal
crops like wheat and barley rely on the gene we found, WAP1, to
initiate flowering," says Dr Ben Trevaskis, CSIRO Plant
Industry.
"Flowering is
important because it determines when the plant will produce
grain or fruit - the parts we usually eat."
WAP1 turns 'on' to
activate flowering when the cereal plant is at the right stage
of development and when environmental conditions are suitable.
For example, in winter
wheat, WAP1 and hence flowering is activated after a cold
period, like winter. Spring wheat, however, flowers without
exposure to cold because its version of WAP1 does not require a
cold period to start it.
"Different flowering
times in wheat are one of the key traits that wheat breeders
have bred for since wheat breeding began," says Dr Trevaskis.
"This breakthrough
discovery of WAP1 means a piece of the flowering puzzle has been
found. It helps us understand what breeders have been
manipulating for thousands of years, but there is still a lot of
work ahead of us to fully unravel the flowering process."
In the future WAP1
could be used to help breed cereal plants that flower when
needed.
"WAP1 could be used to
modify flowering time in cereals. Experiments are now underway
to see if spring wheats can be made to flower even earlier using
more active versions of WAP1," says Dr Trevaskis.
"WAP1 could
potentially also be used to block flowering in grasses that
cause allergies and prevent sugarcane flowering, allowing it to
put more resources into cane production."
The discovery of WAP1
has been simultaneously confirmed in the USA and Canada where
scientists have independently identified the same gene for
cereal flowering. |