Columbus, Ohio
April 17, 2006
Inoculants are an effective and
profitable alternative method of providing soybean plants with
nitrogen, according to Ohio State
University Extension research.
Based on 64 Ohio field trials, the average yield increase from
soybean inoculants is 1.94 bushels per acre and produces a
profit of about 300 percent when beans average $6 per bushel and
when inoculation materials cost $3 per acre.
“We’ve been testing inoculation products since 1995. Last year
we tested over 30 commercial and experimental products. If you
take a look at all of the work we’ve done over a period of about
10 years, what the data says is that over the long haul, someone
who uses inoculum continuously year after year should pick up a
minimum of two bushels per acre,” said Jim Beuerlein an Ohio
State University Extension agronomist. “It usually only takes
about a half bushel yield increase to break even and a two to
seven bushel per acre yield increase is not uncommon if the seed
is inoculated properly and planted in a timely manner.”
Inoculants contain legume bacteria, or rhizobia, which, added to
the seeds prior to planting, enable the soybean plants to fix
nitrogen from the air.
“Depending on the protein content, a bushel of soybeans will
contain between three and four pounds of nitrogen. The
production of a 60-bushel per acre crop requires in excess of
300 pounds of nitrogen, and with nitrogen running about 50 cents
a pound right now, that’s about $150 out of a farmer’s pocket,”
said Beuerlein, who holds a partial research appointment with
the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. “The
bacteria, which will cost a grower $3-$4, will give that
nitrogen to you for practically nothing.”
Inoculants come in two forms, dry or liquid, and a wide range of
inoculant products are available to growers, from materials that
improve production over a wider range of environmental
conditions to extenders that allow application to seed 30 days,
60 days or even 90 days prior to planting without loss of
productivity.
“Inoculants combined with seed fungicide treatments make for an
effective soybean package,” said Beuerlein. “Many fungicide
treatments can be mixed with inoculation materials and applied
at the same time.”
Fungicide treatments applied to seed before planting are
designed to protect the plants from root rot diseases, such as
Phytophthora, as well as improve plant stands and provide a
healthier root system.
“Fungicide seed treatments are extremely important and over the
long haul will generate good profit for the grower,” said
Beuerlein. “We test fungicide seed treatments and get on the
average about a bushel and a half per acre yield increase. Many
growers, however, can get four to six times that amount.”
It’s estimated that the loss of soybean productivity from
diseases averages over $150 million a year in Ohio. Producers
lose anywhere from five to eight bushels per acre a year. By the
time symptoms of a particular disease appear, the yield loss has
already reached seven to 10 percent, and there are significant
yield losses when no disease symptoms are evident.
Additionally, in cases of replanting due to disease loss, it
costs a producer between $80 and $100 per acre due to extra
costs and lost yield.
“The take-home message is use fungicide-treated soybean seed
when planting this spring,” said Beuerlein.
By Candace Pollock |