St. Louis, Missouri
May 8, 2006
Sustainable agricultural
practices benefit farmers, environment, society
Since the introduction of biotech
crops in 1996, farmers have reduced – and, in some cases,
completely stopped – plowing or tilling the soil to eliminate
weeds and prepare fields for planting. The benefits of
conservation tillage range from less erosion to improved
wildlife habitat to a reduction in greenhouse gases and fuel
use.
“Our problem with erosion was very serious and it was very
damaging to the environment to the extent that, in these crops,
to produce one ton of grain in Brazil, we lost 10 tons of soil
per hectare per year. We solved this problem by eliminating
tillage,” says Almir Rebelo, grower advisor and president of
Friends of the Earth, a Brazilian grower organization.
With conservation tillage, farmers leave the stubble or plant
residue on the soil’s surface, rather than plowing or disking it
into the soil. The new crop is planted directly into this
stubble, and GM (genetically modified) herbicide-tolerant plants
make it possible and practical for growers to control weeds in
the crop by applying an herbicide rather than plowing.
A reduction in plowing means a decrease in the number “tractor
trips” across a field – resulting in fuel savings and a
reduction in greenhouse gases. “Looking at the impact on
greenhouse gas emissions, the technology has helped deliver
important savings,” says Graham Brookes, an agricultural
economist and director of UK-based PG Economics. “In 2004, 10
billion kilograms less carbon dioxide have been released into
the atmosphere. And that’s equivalent to taking 20 percent of
the cars in the United Kingdom off the road for a year.”
In the United States alone, farmers have increased no-till crop
acres by 35 percent since 1996 when GM crops were first planted.
“We no longer have to till the fields to control weeds, where we
used to have to till two, three times and use more diesel and
jeopardize the soil to more erosion,” says Terry Wanzek, a U.S.
corn and soybean farmer.
“As a result of us keeping crop residue on the ground, we have a
new foraging opportunity for wildlife,” says U.S. cotton, corn
and soybean farmer Jay Hardwick. “So we're seeing a new
happening on the landscape in terms of wildlife emergence. Not
only top of it, but underneath. Earthworms are coming back to
play, and earthworms are strategic in getting water into the
soil structure.”
The impact of conservation agriculture has been just as
significant to farmers in the developing world. “We do not have
to burn the residue in our harvest anymore,” says Jerry Due, a
Philippine corn farmer. “We just allow the residue to decompose
in the field to become fertilizers.”
These comments – as well as comments from two additional experts
and four additional farmers – are available in a short video and
podcast about conservation agriculture at Monsanto Company’s
“Conversations about Plant Biotechnology” website:
www.monsanto.com/biotech-gmo/new.htm. Visitors to the
“Conversations about Plant Biotechnology” website can access
dozens of additional videos with the farmers and families who
grow GM crops and the experts who research and study the
technology. |