News section
home news forum careers events suppliers solutions markets resources directories advertise contacts search site plan
 
.
Update on fungal diseases on cereals in the UK and Ireland

.

A ProMED-mail post
ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org>

[1]
Date: Thu 24 Apr 2008
Source: Farmers Weekly Interactive [edited]
<http://www.fwi.co.uk/Articles/2008/04/24/110263/tag-weekly-cereals-2008-trials-diary.html>

The cool and showery conditions seen in Lincolnshire during April [2008] have encouraged the development of _Septoria tritici_ in all wheat varieties with obvious visible infection on final leaf 6, with some symptoms on leaf 5. Development of this disease will have been checked to some extent by the cool temperatures.

To date, brown rust has shown few signs of appearing, while a series of recent frosts has continued to suppress mildew.

Meanwhile, Robigus [variety] was displaying yellow rust at a cereals [experimental] site in early April [2008], albeit later than some commercial crops in the area which saw yellow rust develop during March [2008].

Eyespot, or general stem-based browning symptoms, is present in many commercial crops and the ongoing development of eyespot is of concern if current weather patterns continue.

Few other diseases have featured so far [in wheat crops]. Disease levels in winter barley and winter oats remain low. There is some physiological spotting present in winter barley, most noticeably in the variety Flagon.

[Byline: Paul Spackman]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

******
[2]
Date: Fri 25 Apr 2008
Source: Farmers Guardian, ADAS report [edited]
<http://www.farmersguardian.com/story.asp?sectioncode=20&storycode=17961>

Winter wheat -- yellow rust is sporulating actively on untreated Robigus in the east. New lesions of _Septoria tritici_ are developing on leaf 3 of more susceptible varieties. Brown rust remains at low levels in Alchemy and other susceptible varieties and is mainly on leaf 3.

Eyespot is being reported very widely in wheats. There are some very severe lesions causing damage to the lowest green leaves on some tillers. Fusarium is causing browning of leaf sheaths and some sharp eyespot is present.

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

******
[3]
Date: Tue 22 Apr 2008
Source: Farmers Weekly Interactive [edited]
<http://www.fwi.co.uk/Articles/2008/04/22/110239/crop-watch-t1-fungicides-going-on-in-the-south-as-t0-delays-continue.html>

On the Wiltshire/ Dorset border, Dan Dines said the 1st T1 sprays had gone on. "Septoria is the main disease threat in wheat. Both yellow and brown rust are notable by their absence thus far. Eyespot is present in some fields, and mildew can be found in a small number of crops. Fungicide treatments should be based on diseases present/disease risk."

Lincolnshire-based Ruth East said crop growth had also been slowed due to cold weather, but there was plenty of disease about that would need treating. "_Septoria tritici_ is abundant on the lower leaves of susceptible varieties, a well timed, robust T1 [fungicide] will be needed to control it, because if temperatures increase the disease
will take off."

But further north in Northumberland, frustration was growing as showery weather continued to disrupt planned spraying programmes. Robert Sullivan said, "Disease levels in general are low in the crops, with septoria being really the only disease apparent, although there are signs of eyespot on some crops."

[Byline: Paul Spackman]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

******
[4]
Date: Tue 22 Apr 2008
Source: The Irish Independent [edited]
<http://www.independent.ie/farming/time-to-apply-the-t1-to-winter-wheat-1354804.html>

During my tour around the country [Ireland] last week [14-20 Apr 2008], what struck me was a general lack of septoria lesions on the upper leaves of wheat. The only wheat variety, which has plenty of disease was Consort. However, don't be fooled into thinking that there is no disease in cleaner varieties, as normally there is plenty of septoria at the base of the crop just waiting for its chance to spread upwards.

Mildew was absent and I failed to spot a crop with any level of the disease. However, I did spot eyespot on my travels and, if it is present on a crop, then it should be addressed with the T1 fungicide. There are many fungicide options available at T1 that can be used effectively and represent value for money.

Wheats in a rotational position that are susceptible to Take-all (2nd wheats after a break crop, or 3rd wheats after ley) may require attention now.

[Byline: Michael Hennessy]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Cereal diseases of the septoria complex are appearing in both the UK and Ireland. They can be caused by the fungi _Mycosphaerella graminicola_ (previously _Septoria tritici_) and _Phaeosphaeria nodorum_. These pathogens cause blotches on both leaves and glumes.

Eyespot (also called strawbreaker) caused by the fungus _Oculimacula yallundae_ is also being reported from both the UK and Ireland. Sharp eyespot caused by the soil-borne fungus _Ceratobasidium cereale_ appears to be emerging in the UK only.

Take-all is reported to appear in Ireland. It is a fungal disease causing severe yield loss of up to 50 percent in cereal crops. _Gaeumannomyces graminis_ var. _tritici_ causes the disease in wheat and barley; other pathovars affect different cereal and grass hosts.

Several fungal species originally classed into the genus _Fusarium_ can cause blight diseases on cereals. They are still commonly referred to as fusarium although some of the pathogens have since been re-assigned to different genera. Leaf rust, also called brown rust, on wheat is caused by the fungus _Puccinia recondita_, and
stripe (yellow) rust is caused by _P. striiformis_ var. _striiformis_. Both these rusts affect leaves reducing the
photosynthetic potential of the plant. Powdery mildew of wheat is caused by _Blumeria graminis_ and affects all aerial parts of the host.

For further information on the diseases mentioned please see links and previous ProMED-mail posts listed below.

Cereal disease management can be applied at key decision times (T0, T1, T2, and T3) to reflect the changing risk as the season unfolds. T reflects the growth stages referring to tillers present at a particular time: T0 refers to the coleoptile tiller, T1 to the tiller developing from the 1st leaf, etc. Continuous monitoring, as reflected in the reports above, and early discovery of infection at any stage of the crop cycle is important so action can be taken to limit the spread of the pathogen as well as build-up of inoculum.

Maps
UK:
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/europe/united_kingdom.gif>  and
<http://healthmap.org/promed?v=54.5,-2,5>
Ireland:
<http://www.fishing-ireland.de/karte.html>  and
<http://healthmap.org/promed?v=53.2,-8.2,5>

Pictures
Septoria diseases of wheat:
<http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/french/crops/facts/90-008f3.jpg>  (leaf) and
<http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/pub811/images/6septf2.jpg>  (ear)
Wheat leaf rust:
<http://www.hgca.com/hgca/wde/IMAGES/brown%20rust1.JPG>
Wheat stripe rust:
<http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=9918&pf=1&cg_id=0>  and
<http://utextension.tennessee.edu/fieldCrops/wheat/Wheat_photos/Wheat_StripeRust.jpg>
Sharp eyespot on wheat leaves:
<http://scarab.msu.montana.edu/Disease/DiseaseGuidehtml/Img0079.jpg>
Take-all root symptoms on wheat:
<http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/php/elements/view.asp?ID=1>
Field with take-all patch:
<http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/php/elements/view.asp?ID=223>

Links
Septoria, leaf rust, powdery mildew and other diseases of wheat:
<http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-0543/>
Information on septoria diseases:
<http://ipm.ppws.vt.edu/stromberg/smallgrain/biology/wgblotch.html>  and
<http://www.cimmyt.org/Research/Wheat/pdf/septoria_ago99.pdf>
Information on wheat leaf rust:
<http://plant-disease.ippc.orst.edu/disease.cfm?RecordID=1138>
Information on wheat stripe rust:
<http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=9918&pf=1&cg_id=0>  and
<http://www.oznet.k-state.edu/path-ext/factSheets/Wheat/Wheat%20Stripe%20Rust.asp>
Information on wheat powdery mildew:
<http://ohioline.osu.edu/ac-fact/0010.html> and
<http://www.hgca.com/hgca/wde/diseases/Mildew/Milhost.html>
Information on sharp eyespot:
<http://ohioline.osu.edu/ac-fact/0011.html>  and
<http://www.hgca.com/hgca/wde/diseases/Sharp%20Eye/Sharhost.html>
Information on take-all:
<http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/diagnosticguide/take-all/>  and
<http://www.takeall.com/english/default.htm#options>
Taxonomy of all fungal pathogens via:
<http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp>
List of wheat diseases and pathogens:
<http://www.apsnet.org/online/common/names/wheat.asp>
Growth stages of cereals:
<http://www.grdc.com.au/GRDC/ResearchSummaries/CMAttachments/cropmonitoringv2.pdf>. 
- Mod.DHA]

[see also in the archive:
Fungal diseases, wheat - Canada, USA 20080427.1454
Wheat stripe rust, oilseed rape sclerotinia - China 20080408.1297
Sharp eyespot, wheat - China 20080325.1119
Fungal pathogens, wheat - UK (England) 20080319.1055
Stripe rust, wheat - Denmark: new strains 20080211.0542
2007
----
Seedling blight, cereals - UK 20071130.3860
Stripe rust, wheat - Australia (SA): new strain 20070921.3135
Fungal head blights, wheat - UK 20070816.2674
Take-all, cereal crops - UK 20070808.2578
Fungal pathogens, wheat - United Kingdom: new races 20070523.1652
Rust diseases, bean & wheat - UK: alert 20070512.1515
2006
----
Cereal diseases, fungal - Russia, Kazakhstan 20060816.2298
Leaf rust, wheat - Russia (Irkutsk) 20060815.2287
2005
----
Leaf rust, wheat, resistance change - India 20051201.3462
Leaf rust, Septoria spp., wheat - Kazakhstan: corr. 20050825.2509
Leaf rust, Septoria spp., wheat - Kazakhstan 20050823.2488
2000
----
Take-all disease, wheat - Australia (02) 20001021.1822
Take-all disease, wheat - Australia 20001017.1779]



 

The news item on this page is copyright by the organization where it originated - Fair use notice

Other news from this source


Copyright © SeedQuest - All rights reserved