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Date: June 2008
Source:
European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) Reporting Service
6/2008/129 [edited]
<http://archives.eppo.org/EPPOReporting/2008/Rse-0806.pdf>
Incursion of Tomato torrado virus in Hungary
--------------------------------------------
In early October 2007, a tomato plant (_Lycopersicon
esculentum_) showing unusual symptoms was observed in a
commercial glasshouse in the county of Csongrad, south eastern
Hungary. Symptoms were initially characterized by yellow
blotches at the base of the leaflets, which later developed into
necrotic spots, giving a burnt-like appearance to the plant.
These symptoms resembled those that have recently been described
in association with Tomato torrado virus (ToTV), a newly
described virus detected in Spain and Poland.
Laboratory analysis (DAS-ELISA [double antibody
sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay], RT-PCR [reverse
transcriptase polymerase chain reaction], dot-blot
hybridization) of one leaf sample confirmed the presence of
ToTV. Other tomato viruses such as _Potato virus Y_, _Tomato
mosaic virus_, _Tomato spotted wilt virus_, and _Pepino mosaic
virus_ were not detected. The identification of ToTV was
confirmed by another laboratory in Spain (Instituto Agroforestal
Mediterraneo, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia).
The source of this infection was unknown. Tomato seeds
originated from the Netherlands but the possible role of seeds
in disease transmission has not been clarified. It is suspected
that the disease is mainly transmitted by
_Trialeurodes vaporariorum_.
In Hungary, no official measures were taken as the ToTV
infection was detected at the end of the growing season and all
tomato plants were destroyed as part of routine practice. Since
this outbreak, no new infection has been observed at this place
of production, and biological control has been applied to
maintain whitefly population density at a low level. A national
survey will be conducted to determine the current status of ToTV
in Hungary.
--
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ProMED-mail
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[ToTV is a new virus, which appears to be spreading. Symptoms of
leaf necrosis affect the photosynthetic potential of the host
and therefore may result in considerable yield loss. ToTV is
suspected to be transmitted by
whiteflies, and _T. vaporariorum_ has recently been confirmed as
an efficient vector.
Phylogenetic analyses showed that the virus is related to, but
distinct from, viruses belonging to the genera _Sequivirus_,
_Sadwavirus_, and _Cheravirus_ in the proposed order of the
Picornavirales. Another new virus related to ToTV, Tomato
marchitez virus (ToMarV), has recently been found in Mexico.
ToMarV and ToTV both share unique features that clearly
distinguish them from other plant picorna-like viruses. These
viruses are likely to represent a new plant virus genus for
which the name Torradovirus was recently proposed by the
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
Maps
Hungary:
<http://go.hrw.com/atlas/norm_htm/hungary.htm>
Csongrad county:
<http://lazarus.elte.hu/hun/hunkarta/varme/cso/cson.gif>
Pictures
ToTV symptoms:
<http://www.deruiterseeds.com/files/Files/PDF/Microsoft_Word_-_Torrado_Marchitez_Virus_website_071001.pdf>
ToTV particles, electron micrograph:
<http://www.seedquest.com/News/releases/2007/graphics/18419a.jpg>
_T. vaporariorum_:
<http://www.apsnet.org/online/feature/whitefly/view.asp?ID=404>
Links
Characterisation of ToTV:
<http://www.springerlink.com/content/qk2617331j112m4p/fulltext.pdf>
Information on torrado disease research:
<http://archives.eppo.org/EPPOReporting/2007/Rse-0707.pdf>
Characterisation of ToMarV:
<http://www.springerlink.com/content/gj515nlw824g7323/>
Proposed order of Picornavirales:
<http://www.picornavirales.org>
Information on and viruses transmitted by _T. vaporariorum_:
<http://www.apsnet.org/online/feature/whitefly/>
ICTV virus taxonomy index:
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/index.htm>
EPPO pathogen information:
<http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/quarantine.htm>
- Mod.DHA]
[see also in
the
archive:
2007
---
Tomato marchitez virus - Mexico: new virus, (Sinaloa)
20071202.3888
Tomato torrado virus - Poland: (Greater Poland), 1st report
20071113.3684
Torrado disease, tomato - Spain: new findings 20070906.2944
Torrado disease, tomato: new virus identified 20070324.1030] |
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