October 30, 2008
Seed Treatments: Trends and
Opportunities
Source:
http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/577441
Description
The International Seed Federation (ISF) estimated that the
commercial global market for seed and other planting material
was worth some US$30 billion in 2005. Other estimates put the
market for seeds alone at between US$17 billion and US$20
billion. The US is the largest country market, with around 19%
of the global seed market.
The size of the global market is predicted to grow, as global
farming standards rise, and farmers realise the value of
purchasing both certified seed and the latest highest-yielding
varieties. Biotechnology, in particular, is leading to the
development of new, more expensive varieties, and this trend
will continue to push up the value of the market. Up to a
quarter of the value of the seeds market is in biotech seeds.
This is good news for the seed treatment market. While GM crops
contain genes for disease- and insect-resistance, the technology
has limitations, and not all pests are controlled. This means
that fungicide and insecticide seed treatments are still
required, and farmers are more likely to use seed treatments to
protect their investment in the costlier GM seed.
GM crops were first grown in 1996, and since then the area
planted has risen by more than 10% every year. Their global
planted area reached 90 million ha in 2005. The main GM crops
are soybeans, maize, cotton and canola. The area planted with GM
crops is likely to continue to rise, which will help to drive up
the seed treatment market.
While the total agrochemical market has been stagnant since
1999, the seed treatment market has shown steady growth.
Estimates vary, but the market has grown from around US$800
million in 2000, to around US$1.40 billion in 2005. The trend is
forecast to continue, with the majority of the expansion
occurring in developing countries.
Various factors are contributing to the rise in the seed
treatment market. These include: a wider range of highly active
products, including new fungicides that offer low-use rates and
control an expanded range of pathogens; and the introduction of
neonicotinoid and phenylpyrazole systemic insecticides, which
have extended control from soil-borne insect pests to early
foliar-sucking insects.
Growers are becoming more aware of the benefits in treating
seeds. Part of this is due to the higher value of seed, through
added-value traits from biotechnology or traditional breeding.
In addition, increasing no-till, conservation tillage and
agronomic practices, such as earlier drilling, may be creating
greater need for early protection of the seed and developing
seedling. There is pressure to gain optimal plant populations
and achieve greater uniformity in crop development and
harvesting.
Contents
CHAPTER 1
THE GLOBAL SEED INDUSTRY
1.1 The global seed market
1.2 Main seed companies
1.2.1 Monsanto
1.2.2 DuPont/Pioneer Hi-Bred International
1.2.3 Syngenta
1.2.4 Limagrain
1.2.5 KWS
1.2.6 Bayer
1.2.7 Takii
1.2.8 Delta and Pine Land
1.2.9 DLF-Trifolium
1.2.10 Sakata
1.3 Types of seed
1.3.1 Farm-saved seed
1.3.2 Seed supplied commercially
1.3.2.1 Conventional breeding
1.3.2.2 GM plants
1.3.2.3 Stages in seed production
1.3.2.4 Seed certification
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD)
- Association of Seed Certifying Agencies (AOSCA)
1.4 Seed testing
CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION TO SEED TREATMENTS
2.1 The origins of seed treatments
2.2 Types of control provided by seed treatments
2.2.1 Seed disinfestation
2.2.2 Seed disinfection
2.2.3 Seed protection
2.3 Seed treatment requirements
2.4 Size of the seed treatment market
2.5 Factors influencing the decision to treat seed
2.6 Advantages of seed treatment and seed enhancement
2.6.1 Advantages of seed treatment versus soil or foliar
treatments
2.6.2 Advantages to the grower
2.6.3 Advantages to the seed treater/dealer/distributor
2.6.4 Advantages to crop protection companies
2.6.5 Advantages to seed treatment companies
2.7 Disadvantages of seed treatment
2.7.1 Disadvantages to the grower
2.7.2 Disadvantages to the seed company and retail supplier
2.8 Commercial versus on-farm treatments
2.8.1 Seed company treatments
2.8.2 Retail and on-farm treatments
2.8.3 Need for increasingly sophisticated equipment
2.9 Product registration
2.9.1 US
2.9.2 EU
2.10 Industry guidelines
CHAPTER 3
FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATIONS
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Seed treatment to control pests and diseases
3.1.2 Seed treatment to improve growth
3.2 Seed dressing/treatment
3.2.1 Dusts
3.2.2 Slurries
3.2.3 Liquid applications
3.2.4 Specific seed treatment formulations
3.3 Functional seed treatment or enhancement
3.3.1 Conditioning
3.3.2 Priming
3.3.2.1 Advantages of priming
3.3.2.2 Priming techniques
3.3.3 Pelleting
3.3.4 Seed coatings
3.3.5 Colourants
3.4 Seed treatment application equipment
3.5 Commercial seed treatment systems
3.5.1 Continuous systems
3.5.2 Batch coaters
3.6 On-farm treatment
CHAPTER 4
TYPES OF SEED TREATMENT
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Fungicides
4.2.1 Azoxystrobin
4.2.2 Benalaxyl
4.2.3 Benomyl
4.2.4 Bitertanol
4.2.5 Captan
4.2.6 Carbendazim
4.2.7 Carboxin
4.2.8 Carpropamid
4.2.9 Chloroneb
4.2.10 Cymoxanil
4.2.11 Cyprodinil
4.2.12 Difenoconazole
4.2.13 Diniconazole
4.2.14 Fenpiclonil
4.2.15 Fludioxonil
4.2.16 Fluoxastrobin
4.2.17 Fluquinconazole
4.2.18 Flutolanil
4.2.19 Flutriafol
4.2.20 Fosetyl-aluminium
4.2.21 Fuberidazole
4.2.22 Guazatine
4.2.23 Hexaconazole
4.2.24 Hymexazol
4.2.25 Imazalil
4.2.26 Imibenconazole
4.2.27 Iminoctadine-triacetate
4.2.28 Ipconazole
4.2.29 Iprodione
4.2.30 Mancozeb
4.2.31 Maneb
4.2.32 Metalaxyl
4.2.33 Metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam)
4.2.34 Metconazole
4.2.35 Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB, quintozene)
4.2.36 Pefurazoate
4.2.37 Pencycuron
4.2.38 Prochloraz
4.2.39 Prothioconazole
4.2.40 Pyrimethanil
4.2.41 Silthiofam
4.2.42 Simeconazole
4.2.43 Tebuconazole
4.2.44 Tetraconazole
4.2.45 Thiabendazole
4.2.46 Thiophanate-methyl
4.2.47 Thiram
4.2.48 Tolclofos-methyl
4.2.49 Triadimenol
4.2.50 Triazoxide
4.2.51 Trifloxystrobin
4.2.52 Triflumizole
4.2.53 Triticonazole
4.3 Insecticides
4.3.1 Acephate
4.3.2 Acetamiprid
4.3.3 Benfuracarb
4.3.4 Bifenthrin
4.3.5 Carbofuran
4.3.6 Carbosulfan
4.3.7 Chlorfenvinphos
4.3.8 Chlorpyrifos
4.3.9 Clothianidin
4.3.10 Ethiprole
4.3.11 Fipronil
4.3.12 Imidacloprid
4.3.13 Lindane
4.3.14 Methiocarb
4.3.15 Tefluthrin
4.3.16 Thiacloprid
4.3.17 Thiamethoxam
4.3.18 Thiodicarb
4.4 Insecticide/fungicide combinations
4.5 Herbicides
4.6 Bird and animal repellents
4.7 Herbicide safeners
4.8 PGRs
4.9 Biological control agents
4.9.1 Bacillus subtilis
4.9.1.1 Bacillus pumilus
4.9.2 Cedomon (Pseudomonas chloraphis)
4.9.3 Mycostop (Streptomyces griseoviridis)
4.9.4 Ecohope (Trichoderma atroviride SKT-1)
4.9.5 T-22 Planter Box (Trichoderma harzianum)
4.10 Plant nutrients
4.11 Inoculants and Rhizobia
4.11.1 Background
4.11.2 Inoculants and chemical seed treatments
CHAPTER 5
SEED TREATMENTS BY CROP
5.1 Major crops
5.2 Seed treatment by crop
5.3 Growth in GM crops
5.4 Cereals
5.4.1 Wheat
5.4.2 Barley
5.5 Cotton
5.6 Maize
5.7 Oilseeds
5.7.1 Soybeans
5.7.2 Oilseed rape/canola
5.8 Potatoes
5.9 Rice
5.10 Sugar beet
5.11 Vegetables
CHAPTER 6
SEED TREATMENTS BY TARGET ORGANISM
6.1 Fungal pathogens
6.1.1 Seed-borne diseases
6.1.2 Soil-borne diseases
6.1.3 Common seed- and soil-borne and early foliar diseases
6.2 Bacterial diseases
6.3 Nematode pests
6.4 Insect pests
6.4.1 Aphids
6.4.2 Corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp)
6.4.3 Flea beetles - many Chrysomelidae including
Phyllotreta spp and Epitrix spp
6.4.4 Fleahoppers (Pseudatomascelis seriatus, cotton)
6.4.5 Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor)
6.4.6 Rice water weevils (Lissorhoptrus oryzopiylus)
6.4.7 Seed corn maggots (Delia platura)
6.4.8 Thrips (many genera, such as Frankliniella,
Caliothrips and Thrips)
6.4.9 White grubs (Phyllophaga spp)
6.4.10 Wireworms
CHAPTER 7
SEED TREATMENT MARKETS
7.1 Global agrochemical market by region
7.2 Global seed treatment market by region
7.3 Rise of GM crops
7.4 Europe
7.4.1 France
7.4.2 Germany
7.4.3 Italy
7.4.4 UK
7.5 North America
7.5.1 Canada
7.5.2 US
7.5.2.1 Maize
7.5.2.2 Soybeans
7.5.2.3 Cotton
- Seed companies
- seed treatments
7.6 South America
7.6.1 Argentina
7.6.2 Brazil
7.7 Asia/Pacific
7.7.1 Australia
7.7.2 China
7.7.3 India
7.7.4 Japan
CHAPTER 8
COMPANY PROFILES
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Companies providing agrochemicals for seed treatment
8.2.1 Agriliance LLC
8.2.2 BASF
8.2.2.1 Introduction
8.2.2.2 Seed treatments
8.2.2.3 R&D into seed treatments
8.2.3 Bayer CropScience
8.2.3.1 Introduction
8.2.3.2 Seed treatment sales
8.2.3.3 Seed treatment products
8.2.3.4 Bayer’s seed treatment application research centres
- Seed Treatment Application Center (Monheim, Germany)
- Seed Technology Center, Gustafson (Texas, US)
- Cérès (Méréville, France)
- CelPril (US)
8.2.3.5 Seed treatment in the US
- Maize
- Soybeans
- Cotton
8.2.3.6 Seed treatments in the UK
- Cereals
- Other crops
8.2.4 Chemtura Corporation
8.2.4.1 Chemtura’s products
8.2.4.2 Acquisition of Trace Chemicals
8.2.5 Dow AgroSciences
8.2.6 DuPont Crop Protection
8.2.6.1 Agrochemical sales
8.2.7 FMC
8.2.8 Helena Chemical
8.2.9 Hokko Chemical Industry Co Ltd
8.2.10 Isagro SpA
8.2.11 Kumiai Chemical Industry
8.2.12 Kureha Corporation
8.2.13 Makhteshim-Agan
8.2.14 Monsanto
8.2.15 Nihon Nohyaku Co Ltd
8.2.16 Nippon Soda Co Ltd
8.2.17 Sankyo Company Ltd
8.2.18 Sumitomo Chemical
8.2.19 Syngenta
8.2.19.1 Syngenta’s global seed treatment business
- Cruiser (thiamethoxam)
- Avicta
8.2.19.2 Syngenta’s North American seed treatments
8.2.19.3 Syngenta’s European seed treatments
8.2.19.4 Worldwide
8.3 Companies supplying BCAs
8.3.1 BioAgri
8.3.2 BioWorks Inc
8.3.3 Eden BioScience
8.3.4 Pasteuria Bioscience
8.3.5 Prophyta GmbH
8.4 Companies providing seed enhancement, priming, coating
and other functional seed treatment services and products
8.4.1 Becker Underwood Inc
8.4.1.1 Colourants and polymers
8.4.1.2 Inoculants
8.4.2 Georgetown Holdings
8.4.3 Germain’s Technology Group
8.4.4 Fraunhofer Institut
8.4.5 Incotec International BV
8.4.6 International Specialty Products
8.4.7 Landec Corporation
8.4.8 Precision Laboratories
8.4.9 SUET Saat- und Erntetechnik GmbH
8.5 Companies supplying nutrient seed treatments and
inoculants, including rhizobia
8.5.1 Kemira GrowHow Oyj
8.5.1.1 Verdera Oy
8.5.2 Nitragin Inc
8.5.3 Philom Bios Inc
8.5.4 Yara Phosyn Ltd
8.6 Companies supplying seed treatment equipment
8.6.1 A/S Cimbria
8.6.2 Gustafson Equipment
8.6.3 NoroGard AB
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Sales of seed and other planting material in the
top10 country markets in 2005
Table 1.2 Top 10 global seed companies in 2004-2005 (US$
million)
Table 4.1 Insecticide plus fungicide combinations
Table 5.1 Global seed production, area harvested and
production for major crops in 2005
Table 5.2 Seed treatment usage by crop in 2004
Table 5.3 Major GM crops areas (million ha)
Table 6.1 Common plant diseases
Table 6.2 Some common bacterial diseases affecting seedlings
Table 7.1 Major regions producing seed treated crops
Table 7.2 GM crop plantings (million ha)
Table 7.3 France - Main crops harvested in 2004
Table 7.4 Germany - Main crops harvested in 2004
Table 7.5 Italy - Main crops harvested in 2004
Table 7.6 UK - Main crops harvested in 2004
Table 7.7 Canada - Main crops harvested in 2004
Table 7.8 US - Main crops harvested in 2004
Table 7.9 Argentina - Main crops harvested in 2004
Table 7.10 Brazil - Main crops harvested in 2004
Table 7.11 Australia - Main crops harvested in 2004
Table 7.12 China - Main crops harvested in 2004
Table 7.13 India - Main crops harvested in 2004
Table 7.14 Japan - Main crops harvested in 2004
Table 8.1 Agriliance’s main seed treatment products
Table 8.2 BASF’s main seed treatment products
Table 8.3 Bayer’s seed treatment sales (€million)
Table 8.4 Bayer’s main seed treatment products
Table 8.5 Chemtura’s main seed treatment products
Table 8.6 Trace Chemicals’s main seed treatment products
Table 8.7 FMC’s main seed treatment products
Table 8.8 Helena Chemical’s main seed treatment products
Table 8.9 Hokko’s main seed treatment products
Table 8.10 Isagro’s main seed treatment products
Table 8.11 Kureha’s main seed treatment products
Table 8.12 Makhteshim-Agan’s main seed treatment products
Table 8.13 Nihon Nohyaku main seed treatment products
Table 8.14 Nippon Soda’s main seed treatment products
Table 8.15 Sankyo’s main seed treatment products
Table 8.16 Sumitomo Chemical’s main seed treatment products
Table 8.17 Syngenta’s main seed treatment products
Table 8.18 Syngenta’s main US seed treatment products
Table 8.19 Becker Underwood’s colourants and polymer
products
Table 8.20 Canadian Seed Coaters’ and Precision Seed
Coaters’ coating products
Table 8.21 Germain’s Technology Group’s main seed products
Table 8.22 Incotec’s seed enhancement products and services
Table 8.23 International Specialty Products’ seed treatment
formulations and coating products
Table 8.24 Landec Ag’s Intellicoat polymer seed coatings
Table 8.25 Precision Laboratories’ products
Table 8.26 SUET’s seed enhancement products
Table 8.27 Nitragin’s products
Table 8.28 Philom Bios’s inoculum products
Table 8.29 Heid Centricoater’s seed coating equipment
Table 8.30 Gustafson’s seed treatment equipment
Table 8.31 NoroGard’s seed treatment equipment
Summary
The International Seed
Federation (ISF) estimated that the commercial global market
for seed and other planting material was worth some US$30
billion in 2005. Other estimates put the market for seeds
alone at between US$17 billion and US$20 billion. The US is
the largest country market, with around 19% of the global
seed market.
The size of the global market is predicted to grow, as
global farming standards rise, and farmers realise the value
of purchasing both certified seed and the latest
highest-yielding varieties. Biotechnology, in particular, is
leading to the development of new, more expensive varieties,
and this trend will continue to push up the value of the
market. Up to a quarter of the value of the seeds market is
in biotech seeds.
This is good news for the seed treatment market. While GM
crops contain genes for disease- and insect-resistance, the
technology has limitations, and not all pests are
controlled. This means that fungicide and insecticide seed
treatments are still required, and farmers are more likely
to use seed treatments to protect their investment in the
costlier GM seed.
GM crops were first grown in 1996, and since then the area
planted has risen by more than 10% every year. Their global
planted area reached 90 million ha in 2005. The main GM
crops are soybeans, maize, cotton and canola. The area
planted with GM crops is likely to continue to rise, which
will help to drive up the seed treatment market.
While the total agrochemical market has been stagnant since
1999, the seed treatment market has shown steady growth.
Estimates vary, but the market has grown from around US$800
million in 2000, to around US$1.40 billion in 2005. The
trend is forecast to continue, with the majority of the
expansion occurring in developing countries.
Various factors are contributing to the rise in the seed
treatment market. These include: a wider range of highly
active products, including new fungicides that offer low-use
rates and control an expanded range of pathogens; and the
introduction of neonicotinoid and phenylpyrazole systemic
insecticides, which have extended control from soil-borne
insect pests to early foliar-sucking insects.
Growers are becoming more aware of the benefits in treating
seeds. Part of this is due to the higher value of seed,
through added-value traits from biotechnology or traditional
breeding. In addition, increasing no-till, conservation
tillage and agronomic practices, such as earlier drilling,
may be creating greater need for early protection of the
seed and developing seedling. There is pressure to gain
optimal plant populations and achieve greater uniformity in
crop development and harvesting.
Seed is broadly classified into low-value, high-volume seed
(such as cereals) or high-value, low-volume seed (such as
vegetables, sugar beet, maize and oilseed rape/canola). Such
a categorisation can give some indication as to whether the
seed is treated - high-value, low-volume seeds are generally
all treated by the seed company. However, many factors
influence the decision and these vary greatly from crop to
crop and region to region.
The main crop market for seed treatments has traditionally
been the cereals sector. Cereal seed treatment sales
accounted for around 36% of the total seed treatment market
in 2004, and maize a further 20%. Soybeans, oilseed rape,
cotton, sugar beet, potatoes and rice are also important
target markets.
Estimates vary for the global seed treatment market by
region. Typical estimates put Europe with around 50% of the
global seed treatment market. France is the major European
market, with seed treatment sales of around US$140 million
in 2004, or over 11% of the global market. The US is the
world’s largest seed treatment market, with around 35% of
global sales. The Asia/Pacific region accounts for only
around 10% of the global market. The seed treatment market
is dominated by Bayer. It estimated it had a 42.7% stake in
the global US$1,300-million seed treatment market in 2004.
Since then, it has divested its US seed treatment business,
Trace Chemicals, to Chemtura, although Trace will continue
to sell Bayer products. Syngenta ranks second, with a 28%
share of the global seed treatment market in 2005.
Third-ranked is BASF, although its sales are some way behind
the two leading companies, with an estimated 8% of the
global market in 2004. While BASF has historically been
strong in herbicides, its importance in the seed treatment
market rose in 2003, when it acquired a range of products
from Bayer, effectively buying the European seed treatment
business that Bayer had acquired from ACS.
Chemtura is ranked fourth, following its creation in 2005
from the merger of Great Lakes and Crompton Corporation.
Crompton was strong in the sector, due to its Uniroyal
business, which held some 6.5% of the global seed treatment
market in 2004.
Numerous companies provide other seed treatment services and
products. The largest include Becker Underwood, which has
made a string of acquisitions in the past few years. The
main players in the Rhizobia market are based in Canada and
the US, and include Nitragin (US) and Philom Bios (Canada),
as well as Becker Underwood.
BCAs only account for a very small percentage of the global
seed treatment market. Companies supplying these include
Verdera Oy, BioAgri, BioWorks, Eden BioScience, Pasteuria
Bioscience and Prophyta.
While the market for seed treatments looks set to grow, the
ISF has been concerned about a lack of understanding
regarding seed treatments among the authorities and official
bodies in different countries that are responsible for the
political management and official registration of new ais.
This has meant that seed treatments are not always judged
and handled in the correct way. Seed treatments are judged
within the framework of traditional crop protection
products, although they are used at much lower rates per ha.
This lack of understanding is a huge threat for seed
treatments.
Companies Mentioned
A/S Cimbria - Agriliance
LLC - BASF - Bayer CropScience - Becker Underwood Inc -
BioAgri - BioWorks Inc - Chemtura Corporation - Delta and
Pine Land - DLF-Trifolium - Dow AgroSciences - DuPont Crop
Protection - DuPont/Pioneer Hi-Bred International - Eden
BioScience - FMC - Fraunhofer Institut - Georgetown Holdings
- Germain’s Technology Group - Gustafson Equipment - Helena
Chemical - Hokko Chemical Industry Co Ltd - Incotec
International BV - International Specialty Products - Isagro
SpA - Kemira GrowHow Oyj - Kumiai Chemical Industry - Kureha
Corporation - KWS - Landec Corporation - Limagrain -
Makhteshim-Agan - Monsanto - Nihon Nohyaku Co Ltd - Nippon
Soda Co Ltd - Nitragin Inc - NoroGard AB - Pasteuria
Bioscience - Philom Bios Inc - Precision Laboratories -
Prophyta GmbH - Sakata - Sankyo Company Ltd - SUET Saat- und
Erntetechnik GmbH - Sumitomo Chemical - Syngenta - Takii -
Verdera Oy - Yara Phosyn Ltd
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