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Stripe rust on wheat in China

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A ProMED-mail post
ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org>

7 February 2009
Source: China View [edited]
<http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-02/07/content_10776740.htm>

The Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) warned of the wide spread of the fungus _Puccinia striiformis_, also known as stripe rust, a wheat disease that could cause huge losses. It is bad news for China's summer harvest [of 2009] as the nation continues its war against rare drought conditions.

The fungus, one of the most dangerous wheat diseases, was likely to prevail across the nation due to the abnormal climate, MOA said in an emergency notice. The disease has affected more than 11.3 million mu
(753 000 hectares) of wheat in 7 provinces by 5 Feb [2009], 4.6 million mu more than the same period last year [2008]. The northwestern Gansu [province] and Ningxia [autonomous region] saw the worst outbreak in 19 years. The situation in the southwestern Sichuan and Guizhou provinces was worse than ever before, according to data released by the MOA on Friday [6 Feb 2009].

The ministry urged local authorities to attach great importance to disease control while fighting against the rare drought that has gripped north China. Local government should take preemptive measures to protect the summer harvest. Disease control knowledge should be spread via television, radio, text message and print bulletins to keep every farmer well-informed, MOA said. The ministry will also enhance crackdown on fake pesticide producers and scams targeted at desperate farmers.

[Byline: Mu Xuequan]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>

[Stripe rust (also called yellow rust) of cereal crops is caused by the fungus _Puccinia striiformis_ var. _striiformis_ and occurs mostly in cooler climates. It causes yellow leaf stripes, stunting of plants, and reduces grain production with yield losses of 40 to 100 percent. It affects wheat, some barley varieties, triticale (wheat-rye hybrids), and a number of grass species. Spores are wind dispersed in several cycles during the cropping season. Grasses and volunteer wheat may generate a "green bridge" providing inoculum for the next cropping season. Disease management includes the use of resistant varieties, fungicide applications, and control of volunteer wheat.

Disease monitoring is important so timely action can be taken to limit the spread of the pathogen as well as build-up of inoculum.
Last year (2008), a quarter of the wheat growing area in China was reported to be affected by stripe rust (see ProMED-mail post no.
20080408.1297), and it appears that the situation has become worse.
New pathogen strains with increased virulence have been reported in recent years from wheat growing areas in Europe, North America and Australia, and resistance breeding programmes have been set up to counteract this trend. It remains to be clarified whether a new strain may be contributing to the difficulties of controlling the disease in China.

For more information on stripe rust see links and previous posts below.

Maps
China:
<http://www.chinapage.com/map/map.html> and <http://healthmap.org/promed?v=36.5,103.9,4>
Provinces of China:
<http://www.sacu.org/provmap.html>

Pictures
Stripe rust leaf symptoms on wheat:
<http://utextension.tennessee.edu/fieldCrops/wheat/Wheat_photos/Wheat_StripeRust.jpg>
and
<http://www.grdc.com.au/uploads/images/Stripe%20rust%20Colin%20Wellings%20ACRCP.JPG>
Stripe rust on wheat head:
<http://cril.cimmyt.org/gallery/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=950&g2_serialNumber=2>
Stripe rust on resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars:
<http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/path-ext/factSheets/wheat/Wheatimages/wheats1.jpg>
Barley with stripe rust:
<http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/Graphics/WAbarleyStripeRust.jpg>
Ryegrass with stripe rust:
<http://plant-disease.ippc.orst.edu/plant_images/ryegrass_stripe_rust.jpg>

Links
Information on wheat stripe rust:
<http://pnw-ag.wsu.edu/smallgrains/Stripe%20Rust.html>,
<http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=9918&pf=1&cg_id=0>, 
<http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/158964/stripe-rust-in-wheat.pdf>
and
<http://www.oznet.k-state.edu/path-ext/factSheets/Wheat/Wheat%20Stripe%20Rust.asp>
Stripe rust management:
<http://www.grdc.com.au/uploads/documents/striperustmgt.pdf>  and <http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r730100511.html>
Examples of stripe rust resistance breeding:
<http://www.weeklytimesnow.com.au/article/2009/01/14/41411_grain-and-hay.html>
and
<http://jag.igr.poznan.pl/2005-Volume-46/3/pdf/2005_Volume_46_3-259-263.pdf>
_P. striiformis_ taxonomy:
<http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=427989>
- Mod.DHA]

[see also in the archive:
2008
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Stripe rust, wheat - Australia (02): (VIC) 20080916.2897 Stripe rust, wheat - Australia: (QLD, NSW), alert 20080716.2156 Wheat stripe rust, oilseed rape sclerotinia - China 20080408.1297 Stripe rust, wheat - Denmark: new strains 20080211.0542
2007
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Stripe rust, wheat - Australia (SA): new strain 20070921.3135 Stripe rust, wheat & wheat streak mosaic - Australia (SA, WA) 20070830.2860 Fungal diseases, wheat & pulses - Australia (SA) 20070821.2729 Ergot & stripe rust, cereals - USA (MT) 20070706.2144 Stripe rust, wheat - USA, Australia 20070614.1950 Wheat stripe rust, wheat - China 20070413.1230
2005
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Stripe rust, wheat - Australia 20051031.3173 Wheat stripe rust - USA (FL) 20050601.1521
2004
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Wheat stripe rust - Australia (NSW) 20040928.2683 Wheat stripe rust - Australia (NSW): alert 20040810.2215 Wheat stripe rust - China 20040429.1191 and older items in the archives]

 

 

 

 

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