A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org>
Date: Tue 29 Sep 2009
Source: Information Agency (IA) "Khakasia" [in Russian, trans.
Corr.ATS, edited]
Potato nematode found in several Khakasian villages
Rosselkhoznadzor [Russian Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance] has informed us that patches of agricultural land have been found infected with golden potato nematode.
The infected area will be put under quarantine. The land has to be treated with special chemicals after the tops of the potato plants have been burnt. The export and sale of potatoes from this area will be banned without a special certificate; however local potatoes can be used for food locally. Some possibly infected batches of potatoes have been sent to Krasnoyarsk [neighbouring region] from Ust-Abakanskoe district.
The same nematode had been found previously in Tashtipskoe district in September [2009] where currently phytosanitary measures are in place.
Altayskoe and Askizskoe districts will be checked for this nematode in 2010.
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Communicated by:
ProMED-RUS Correspondent Batyrbek Aslanov
[Both golden (_Globodera rostochiensis_, with at least 5 races) and pale (_G. pallida_) potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) cause serious crop losses in potato. They can also infect other solanaceous crops and weeds, which may serve as pathogen reservoirs. Symptoms on potato include stunting, yellowing, and wilting of leaves as well as a reduced root system. Damage to the crop varies from small patches of poor growing plants to complete crop failure. Diseased plants first occur in isolated patches and these become larger with each new crop.
The nematodes are not greatly influenced by soil type and temperature.
They can survive in soil, in the absence of a host, for up to 20 years as cysts containing viable eggs. Spread occurs via infected soil, water, wind, or on plant material. Disease management includes exclusion, long crop rotation with non-host species, and use of crop cultivars resistant to specific PCN races. An integrated approach using these measures as well as nematicides (as fumigants or granular systemic compounds; likely to be the 'chemicals' mentioned above) can be used to keep nematode levels below economic thresholds. Both PCNs have been included on the alert list of the European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO).
Golden PCN is widely distributed in the Eurasian area. Pale PCN has never been reported from Russia or its immediate neighbours. Recent PCN reports from Russia (see ProMED-mail posts listed below) include locations well separated by distance and are not likely to be due to recent spread because PCNs need 6-7 years to build up numbers sufficient for detection. It may be possible that the infections could be due to contaminated seed potatoes distributed from a central source in the past.
Maps
Russia:
Russian regions:
Khakasia:
Pictures
Symptoms of golden nematode on potato plants:
and
_G. rostochiensis_:
Golden and pale PCN cysts:
Links
Information on _G. rostochiensis_:
Data sheets on both potato cyst nematodes:
EPPO A2 alert list:
Rosselkhoznadzor:
[see also:
Potato diseases - UK, USA 20090821.2960
Golden cyst nematode, potato - Iran: 1st rep (HD) 20090525.1946
Viruses & nematodes, potato - UK: alert 20090212.0628
2008
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Cyst nematodes, potato - Russia (02): (KAM) 20081208.3850 Cyst nematode, potato - Australia (02): (QLD), alert 20081117.3627 Cyst nematode, potato - Australia: (VIC) 20081021.3334 Cyst nematodes, potato - Russia: (Chelyabinsk) 20080714.2138
2007
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Golden cyst nematode, potato - Canada (02) 20071227.4153 Golden cyst nematode, potato - Canada: (AB) 20071121.3759
2006
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Golden nematode, potato - Canada (QC)(02): USA response 20060821.2356 Golden nematode, potato - Canada (QC): 1st Report 20060816.2295 Cyst nematodes, potato, soybean - USA (NY, IL): new strains 20060413.1092
2005
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Quarantine pests, new data - EPPO (03): Lithuania 2004 20051104.3226 Potato cyst nematodes - Russia (Kurgan) 20050809.2322 Potato cyst nematodes, Russia (Altai Region) 20050707.1921 Quarantine pest reports, Alert List - EPPO 20050212.0482 Quarantine pest surveys, EPPO - Latvia 20050108.0057 and older items in the archives]
