home news forum careers events suppliers solutions markets expos directories catalogs resources advertise contacts
 
News Page

The news
and
beyond the news
Index of news sources
All Africa Asia/Pacific Europe Latin America Middle East North America
  Topics
  Species
Archives
News archive 1997-2008
 

Poppies fade from Flanders fields as Europe’s plant life changes
Les coquelicots disparaissent des champs de Flandre alors que la vie des plantes d'Europe change


United Kingdom
December 10, 2014

One hundred years after the outbreak of the First World War, the flower that has come to symbolise the lives lost in conflict – the poppy – is disappearing from former battle fields of northern France and Belgian Flanders. Ecologists who have been studying the dramatic changes that have occurred in Europe’s plant biodiversity will present their findings at this week’s joint BES/SFE conference in Lille.

The research found that overall plant biodiversity in northern France and Belgian Flanders has increased during the past 100 years. But the rise in the number of plant species is not good news. Instead, the findings highlight increasing globalisation and homogenisation of local environments as invasive species arrive and more diverse, specialised species become extinct.
According to Dr Nina Hautekèete of the University of Lille, who lead the study: “Plant species richness and composition has changed drastically since the beginning of the twentieth century. Within that time about one in every five to six species we studied were either lost in particular regions or newly introduced.”

Many of the species that have been lost are those which once grew within agricultural fields, the study found. Among these are species such as the beautiful field-larkspur (Consolida regalis) and the summer pheasant’s-eye (Adonis aestivalis), which have disappeared as intensive farming has destroyed their habitats.

Habitat destruction and urban development have also caused species to be lost from fragile bogs and wetlands. These include the delicate bog cotton (Eriophorum latifolium) and the spoonleaf sundew (Drosera intermedia), an insectivorous plant which used to grow in bogs and fens in the region.

Most of the new species the researchers discovered were in urban environments of the study area. Many are garden plants that have now escaped into the wild, including creeping water primrose (Ludwigia peploides), an aquatic species which can clog waterways and giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum), a relative of the parsnip whose toxic sap can cause skin irritation and blisters.

“This study highlights the homogenisation of the natural and semi-natural habitats around the world. Species loss occurs mainly in rare habitats, while immigrating species are mainly cosmopolitan species that do not necessarily replace the complex ecological interactions of species that were lost,” says Dr Hautekèete.

She continues: “We studied the dynamics of changes over one century. We do not know the consequences of introducing new species to these ecosystems. A short term increase in biodiversity might could be followed by a long term decrease which may cause ecosystems to stop working properly.”

“An increase in regional species richness hides a worldwide homogenisation of habitats and we must take this into account when we are assessing the health of our ecosystems.”

Biodiversity is about more than simply counting the total number of species in a given habitat. Ecologists are also concerned about functional diversity and the ecological role of species, so the next phase of the study is to discover where the non-native plant species come from and whether climate change is contributing to the process.

Dr. Hautekèete is presenting her team’s research at the BES/SFE meeting in the Grand Palais, Lille on Wednesday, 10th December.


 

Les coquelicots disparaissent des champs de Flandre alors que la vie des plantes d'Europe change

Cent ans après le déclenchement de la Première Guerre mondiale, la fleur qui symbolise maintenant les vies perdues dans les conflits - le coquelicot – s’efface des anciens champs de bataille du nord de la France et de la Flandre belge. Les écologistes qui ont étudié les changements spectaculaires qui se sont produits dans la biodiversité végétale de l'Europe présenteront leurs conclusions lors d'une conférence conjointe BES / SFE de cette semaine à Lille.

La recherche a révélé que la biodiversité végétale globale dans le Nord de la France et la Flandre belge a augmenté au cours des 100 dernières années. Mais l'augmentation du nombre d'espèces de plantes n’est pas nécessairement une bonne nouvelle. Au lieu de cela, les résultats mettent en évidence la mondialisation croissante et l'homogénéisation des environnements locaux. Alors que les espèces envahissantes arrivent, les espèces plus diverses et spécialisées disparaissent.

Selon le Dr Nina Hautekèete de l'Université de Lille, qui mène l'étude: «La richesse des espèces végétales ainsi que leur composition a radicalement changé depuis le début du XXe siècle. En un siècle environ, une espèce végétale sur cinq ou six a été soit perdue régionalement soit nouvellement introduite ".

Bon nombre des espèces qui ont été perdues sont celles qui poussaient autrefois dans les champs moissonnés. Parmi celles-ci des espèces telles que le beau pied d'alouette (Consolida regalis) et l’adonis d’été (Adonis aestivalis), qui ont disparu alors que l'agriculture intensive a détruit leurs habitats.

La destruction des habitats naturels et le développement urbain ont également causé les pertes d’espèces dans des tourbières et des zones humides fragiles. Il s’agit notamment de la linaigrette (Eriophorum latifolium) et le droséra intermédiaire (Drosera intermedia), une plante insectivore qui poussait autrefois dans les tourbières de la région.

Les chercheurs ont découvert que la plupart des nouvelles espèces étaient dans des environnements urbains de la zone d'étude. Beaucoup sont des plantes de jardin qui sont maintenant échappées dans la nature, telle que la jussie (Ludwigia peploides), une espèce aquatique qui peut obstruer les voies navigables et la berce du Caucase (Heracleum mantegazzianum), un parent géant de la carotte dont la sève toxique peut causer une irritation de la peau et des cloques.

"Cette étude souligne l'homogénéisation des habitats naturels et semi-naturels à travers le monde. La perte d'espèces se produit principalement dans les habitats rares, tandis que les espèces qui immigrent sont principalement des espèces cosmopolites qui ne remplacent pas nécessairement les interactions écologiques complexes entre espèces, qui ont été perdues ", explique le Dr Hautekèete. «Nous avons étudié la dynamique des changements sur plus d'un siècle. Nous ne connaissons pas les conséquences dans les écosystèmes des espèces nouvellement introduites. Une augmentation de la biodiversité à court terme pourrait être suivit d’une baisse de la biodiversité à long terme et d’un dysfonctionnement de l'écosystème".

"Une augmentation de la richesse des espèces régionale cache une homogénéisation des habitats dans le monde entier et nous devons en tenir compte lorsque nous évaluons la santé de nos écosystèmes."

La biodiversité, en effet, est plus que simplement compter le nombre total d'espèces dans un habitat donné. Les écologistes s’inquiètent également de la diversité fonctionnelle et le rôle écologique des espèces, de sorte que la prochaine phase de l'étude est de découvrir d’où proviennent les espèces végétales non indigènes et si le changement climatique contribue au processus.

Dr Hautekèete présentera cette étude (effectuée avec son équipe) lors de la conférence conjointe BES / SFE dans le Grand Palais, Lille, le mercredi 10 Décembre.

 


One hundred years after the outbreak of the First World War, the flower that has come to symbolise the lives lost in conflict – the poppy – is disappearing from former battle fields of northern France and Belgian Flanders. Ecologists who have been studying the dramatic changes that have occurred in Europe’s plant biodiversity will present their findings at this week’s joint BES/SFE conference in Lille.

The research found that overall plant biodiversity in northern France and Belgian Flanders has increased during the past 100 years. But the rise in the number of plant species is not good news. Instead, the findings highlight increasing globalisation and homogenisation of local environments as invasive species arrive and more diverse, specialised species become extinct.
According to Dr Nina Hautekèete of the University of Lille, who lead the study: “Plant species richness and composition has changed drastically since the beginning of the twentieth century. Within that time about one in every five to six species we studied were either lost in particular regions or newly introduced.”

Many of the species that have been lost are those which once grew within agricultural fields, the study found. Among these are species such as the beautiful field-larkspur (Consolida regalis) and the summer pheasant’s-eye (Adonis aestivalis), which have disappeared as intensive farming has destroyed their habitats.

Habitat destruction and urban development have also caused species to be lost from fragile bogs and wetlands. These include the delicate bog cotton (Eriophorum latifolium) and the spoonleaf sundew (Drosera intermedia), an insectivorous plant which used to grow in bogs and fens in the region.

Most of the new species the researchers discovered were in urban environments of the study area. Many are garden plants that have now escaped into the wild, including creeping water primrose (Ludwigia peploides), an aquatic species which can clog waterways and giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum), a relative of the parsnip whose toxic sap can cause skin irritation and blisters.

“This study highlights the homogenisation of the natural and semi-natural habitats around the world. Species loss occurs mainly in rare habitats, while immigrating species are mainly cosmopolitan species that do not necessarily replace the complex ecological interactions of species that were lost,” says Dr Hautekèete.

She continues: “We studied the dynamics of changes over one century. We do not know the consequences of introducing new species to these ecosystems. A short term increase in biodiversity might could be followed by a long term decrease which may cause ecosystems to stop working properly.”

“An increase in regional species richness hides a worldwide homogenisation of habitats and we must take this into account when we are assessing the health of our ecosystems.”

Biodiversity is about more than simply counting the total number of species in a given habitat. Ecologists are also concerned about functional diversity and the ecological role of species, so the next phase of the study is to discover where the non-native plant species come from and whether climate change is contributing to the process.

Dr. Hautekèete is presenting her team’s research at the BES/SFE meeting in the Grand Palais, Lille on Wednesday, 10th December.

- See more at: http://www.britishecologicalsociety.org/about-us/press/press-releases/2014-2/2014_12_10-poppies-fade-from-flanders-fields-as-europes-plant-life-changes/#sthash.923dLdeg.dpuf


More news from: British Ecological Society


Website: http://www.britishecologicalsociety.org

Published: December 10, 2014

The news item on this page is copyright by the organization where it originated
Fair use notice

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

  Archive of the news section


Copyright @ 1992-2024 SeedQuest - All rights reserved