Wheat and barley researchers aim to cash in on carbohydrates

The health benefits and innovative quality potential of wheat and barley starches have researchers debunking "low carb" and thinking "pro carb."

"We've heard a lot of negative things about carbohydrates, but from the point of view of our grain crops they are nothing to think negatively about," Dr. Ravi Chibbar, Canada Research Chair in crop quality at the University of Saskatchewan. "There are many benefits to these carbohydrates - some that we may not have even identified yet - that will continue to be improved with further research."

With all the hype around Atkins, South Beach and other low carb diets in recent years, the question of "When will we see the first 'low carbohydrate' grain variety?" is a natural one for scientists developing new wheat and barley varieties. But scientists are looking to take advantage of carb benefits, not reduce them, says Chibbar. In fact, positive messages from human nutrition, growing potential in alternate starches and the expanding power of science all point to a new era of great potential for grain carbohydrates.

More on this potential, featuring perspectives from Chibbar and colleagues, is available in the December edition of Western Grains Research Magazine, now on the Western Grains Research Foundation (WGRF) Web site, www.westerngrains.com. Western Canadian wheat and barley growers are major investors in breeding research through the Wheat and Barley Check-off Funds, administered by WGRF. The Research Magazine offers "Ideas and issues for farmer research investors."

Along with Chibbar and other grains researchers, the article includes perspective from nutritionist Dr. Kristyn Hall of the Calgary Health Region, who provides insight into the low carb diet phenomenon and reinforces the unique and powerful health benefits of grains.

Despite the weight loss benefits touted by low carb diets, the latest research reaffirms there's still no better way to achieve true long-term weight control and overall health than sticking to a well-balanced diet and daily physical activity, says Hall. "It's kind of like long underwear - it's not that sexy, but it does the job. People are aware of the importance of nutrition and of physical activity, but too often we're still looking for the quick fix. We need to get back to making balanced choices, both in our diets and in our lifestyles."

Traditional higher carbohydrate products, such as grain-based bread, breakfast cereals and pasta, have come under attack by the low carb diets, which disproportionately link them to weight gain. But carbs are not the enemy, and lack of carbs per se is not the reason why many have short-term weight loss success with this approach, says Hall.

"Anyone going on the regimented low carb diets will probably lose weight, but there's really no magic to it," she says. "These diets are very restrictive, with limited food choices, and as a result, people on these diets tend to take in fewer calories. Anytime you take in fewer calories than you expend, you're going to lose weight, regardless of whether those lost calories are from proteins, carbohydrates or fat."

Grain-based carbohydrates are chalk full of phytochemicals, fibre and key nutrients that promote overall good health and specific benefits such as reduced risk of heart disease and certain cancers. The natural health benefits of grains are what researchers are aiming to enhance in new wheat and barley varieties aimed at food uses. For example, in barley, Dr. Brian Rossnagel at the University of Saskatchewan has developed new varieties with higher levels of beta-glucans, a soluable fibre that helps reduce LDL (bad) cholesterol.

With human food long the focus for wheat production, wheat breeders have spent decades tailoring specific protein levels and other quality components for maximum food value.

In addition to improving the known nutritional composition of wheat and barley, researchers have explored alternative starch profiles in the grains. The promise includes further advantages for human nutrition, along with new opportunities for animal feed and industrial uses.

The producer-funded Wheat and Barley Check-off Fund, administered by WGRF, allocates more than $4 million annually to breeding programs in Western Canada.